OpenSSL相关命令（for Linux）详细介绍
Posted: September 21, 2007 at 4:19 pm | Tags: blog, linux, server, ssl转至: http://blog.ixpub.net/8400463
加密算法：
对称加密算法：
DES、IDEA、RC2、RC4、AES、Skipjack ……
非对称加密算法：
RSA、DSA、DiffieHellman、PKCS、PGP ……
单向的HASH算法属于报文摘要算法，虽然有些也出自OpenSSL库。
命令操作：
1、生成普通私钥：
[weigw@TEST src]$ openssl genrsa -out privatekey.key 1024
Generating RSA private key, 1024 bit long modulus ….++++++ …….++++++ e is 65537 (0×10001)
2、生成带加密口令的密钥：
[weigw@TEST src]$ openssl genrsa -des3 -out privatekey.key 1024
Generating RSA private key, 1024 bit long modulus …………++++++ …………………++++++ e is 65537 (0×10001) Enter pass phrase for privatekey.key: Verifying – Enter pass phrase for privatekey.key:
在生成带加密口令的密钥时需要自己去输入密码。对于为密钥加密现在提供了一下几种算法：
-des encrypt the generated key with DES in cbc mode
-des3 encrypt the generated key with DES in ede cbc mode (168 bit key)
-aes128, -aes192, -aes256 encrypt PEM output with cbc aes
去除密钥的口令：
[weigw@TEST src]$ openssl rsa -in privatekey.key -out
privatekey.key Enter pass phrase for privatekey.key: writing RSA key
通过生成的私钥去生成证书：
[weigw@TEST src]$ openssl req -new -x509 -key privatekey.key -out cacert.crt -days 1095
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN. There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank For some fields there will be a default value, If you enter ‘.’, the field will be left blank.
—–
Country Name (2 letter code) [GB]:CN
State or Province Name (full name) [Berkshire]:beijing
Locality Name (eg, city) [Newbury]:beijing
Organization Name (eg, company) [My Company Ltd]:wondersoft
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:develop
Common Name (eg, your name or your server’s hostname) []:WeiGW
Email Address []:weigongwan@sina.com
在生成证书的时候需要按照提示输入一些个人信息。
通过私钥生成公钥：
[weigw@TEST src]$ openssl rsa -in privatekey.key -pubout -out pubkey.key writing RSA key
格式转换：（证书、私钥、公钥）（PEM <—–>DER）
[weigw@TEST src]$ openssl x509 -in cacert.crt -inform. PEM -out cacert.der -outform. DER
[weigw@TEST src]$
[weigw@TEST src]$ openssl rsa -in privatekey.key -inform. PEM -out privatekey.der -outform. DER
writing RSA key
[weigw@TEST src]$ openssl rsa -pubin -in pubkey.key -inform. PEM -pubout -out pubkey.der -outform. DER
writing RSA key
从DER格式转换成PEM格式一样，就是把inform的格式改成DERoutform的格式改成PEM即可。
下面是一个服务器和客户端认证的证书、私钥生成方法：（server.crt、client.crt、ca.crt）
第一步： 生成私钥
[weigw@TEST bin]$ openssl genrsa -out server.key 1024
Generating RSA private key, 1024 bit long modulus .++++++ ..
………++++++ e is 65537 (0×10001)
[weigw@TEST bin]$ openssl genrsa -out client.key 1024
Generating RSA private key, 1024 bit long modulus …++++++ ……
……….++++++ e is 65537 (0×10001)
[weigw@TEST bin]$ openssl genrsa -out ca.key 1024
Generating RSA private key, 1024 bit long modulus …….
..++++++ ………++++++ e is 65537 (0×10001)
[weigw@TEST bin]$
第三步： 申请证书（为请求文件签名）
[weigw@TEST bin]$ openssl ca -in server.csr -out server.crt -cert ca.crt -keyfile ca.key
[weigw@TEST bin]$ openssl ca -in client.csr -out client.crt -cert ca.crt -keyfile ca.key
如果在这步出现错误信息：
[weigw@TEST bin]$ openssl ca -in client.csr -out client.crt -cert ca.crt -keyfile ca.key
Using configuration from /usr/share/ssl/openssl.cnf I am unable to access the ./demoCA/newcerts directory ./demoCA/newcerts: No such file or directory
[weigw@TEST bin]$
自己手动创建一个CA目录结构：
[weigw@TEST bin]$ mkdir ./demoCA
[weigw@TEST bin]$ mkdir demoCA/newcerts
创建个空文件：
[weigw@TEST bin]$ vi demoCA/index.txt
向文件中写入01：
[weigw@TEST bin]$ vi demoCA/serial
合并证书文件（crt）和私钥文件（key）：
[weigw@TEST bin]$ cat client.crt client.key > client.pem [weigw@TEST bin]$ cat server.crt server.key > server.pem
合并成pfx证书：
[weigw@TEST bin]$ openssl pkcs12 -export -clcerts -in client.crt -inkey client.key -out client.p12
Enter Export Password:
Verifying – Enter Export Password:
[weigw@TEST bin]$openssl pkcs12 -export -clcerts -in server.crt -inkey server.key -out server.p12
Enter Export Password:
Verifying – Enter Export Password:
文本化证书：
[weigw@TEST bin]$ openssl pkcs12 -in client.p12 -out client.txt Enter Import Password:
MAC verified OK
Enter PEM pass phrase: Verifying – Enter PEM pass phrase:
[weigw@TEST bin]$openssl pkcs12 -in server.p12 -out server.txt
Enter Import Password:
MAC verified OK
Enter PEM pass phrase: Verifying – Enter PEM pass phrase:
屏幕模式显式：（证书、私钥、公钥）
[weigw@TEST bin]$ openssl x509 -in client.crt -noout -text -modulus
[weigw@TEST bin]$ openssl rsa -in server.key -noout -text -modulus
[weigw@TEST bin]$ openssl rsa -in server.pub -noout -text -modulus
得到DH：
[weigw@TEST bin]$ openssl dhparam -out dh1024.pem 1024
